Fat Lipomas: What Are They and How To Treat Them?
- Medically checked
Introduction
Fat lipomas are the most common benign tumors of subcutaneous tissue, affecting both men and women. They are found in approximately 2.1% of the population. Although typically localized just under the skin, lipomas can occasionally develop as deep as 5 centimeters beneath the surface. Their slow growth and lack of symptoms often delay diagnosis until aesthetic or physical discomfort arises.
What Is a Fat Lipoma?
Lipomas are single or multiple soft, tumor-like growths located under the skin. They are usually painless and asymptomatic unless situated near nerves, in highly vascularized areas, or in zones exposed to chronic irritation. A lipoma is not a malignant tumor (it is not cancer), and its main complication is progressive enlargement and the cosmetic impact on the affected area.
Clinical Forms
- Solitary Lipoma – A single lipoma with varied location and size. Histopathologically, variants such as angiolipomas and hibernomas may appear.
- Multiple Lipomas – Several lipomas that may appear simultaneously or sequentially. These can be idiopathic or secondary to childbirth, rapid weight loss, trauma, or metabolic disturbances.
- Lipomatosis – Multiple, symmetrically arranged lipomas associated with syndromic conditions.
- Cervical Adenolipomatosis (Buffalo Neck) – Characterized by fat accumulation on the sides and back of the neck, under the chin, and sometimes in the upper trunk. Often linked to obesity and more common in men.
- Dercum’s Disease (Painful Neurolipomatosis) – Involves painful, subcutaneous fatty masses usually in obese women around menopause. These do not occur on the face, neck, hands, or feet.
What Causes Lipomas?
Lipomas typically develop in middle age and can form in various parts of the body. They grow slowly and are usually painless. There is a clear genetic component—lipomas often run in families, increasing hereditary risk. Minor trauma can sometimes trigger lipoma formation. Lipomas are also associated with conditions like dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. When visible, especially on the face, scalp, or hands, lipomas may require removal for aesthetic reasons or due to discomfort caused by pressure or friction from clothing.
How Are Fat Lipomas Diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a clinical examination by a dermatologist or surgeon. Lipomas typically present as soft, mobile, and well-defined masses under the skin. To confirm diagnosis and exclude other conditions, an ultrasound is often recommended. The scan provides additional detail about the lipoma’s depth, composition, and proximity to vital structures.
What Should You Do When a Fat Lipoma Is Diagnosed?
If the lipoma is growing or causing cosmetic or physical discomfort, surgical removal is often recommended. The procedure typically begins with a consultation during which the surgeon evaluates the area. Local anesthesia is usually sufficient for smaller lipomas. For larger lipomas—over 10 cm—or those located near the face or neck, general anesthesia may be required.
The surgeon makes a small incision to remove the lipoma along with its fibrous capsule. The wound is then closed using sutures designed to minimize scarring. Patients can go home the same day, receiving anti-inflammatory and pain-relief medication. Antibiotic therapy is not routinely needed—only a single prophylactic dose is given. Daily hygiene involves disinfecting the site and applying a clean dressing. Sutures are typically removed 7–10 days post-operation.
Recovery After Lipoma Removal
Recovery from lipoma surgery is typically quick and uncomplicated. For small lipomas in non-sensitive areas, patients can return to normal activities—including work and light physical exercise—almost immediately. For larger lipomas or those in high-movement areas, a brief recovery period of one to two weeks may be necessary. Post-operative care involves maintaining local hygiene, monitoring for signs of infection, and attending a follow-up to assess healing.
Other Removal Methods for Fat Lipomas
Liposuction may be used for lipoma removal, especially when a less invasive method is preferred. This technique is performed by a cosmetic surgeon and involves aspirating the fatty tissue through a needle and syringe. However, complete removal of the capsule is not guaranteed, which may result in recurrence.
Steroid Injections can help shrink lipomas but rarely eliminate them completely. This method is still under study and may be used in specific cases or as an adjunct before surgery. It is not currently considered a primary treatment option.
Medical Consultant
Dr. Oleg Cebotari
With a dynamic and innovative approach, Dr. Oleg Cebotari delivers outstanding surgical results in both classical and laparoscopic procedures. He is regarded as a leading name in his field, offering high-quality care with modern techniques.
